What is the context-switching cost of AI tools?
Research on workplace interruptions has found that returning to an interrupted task can take about 23 minutes. AI tool switching does not mean every tab change loses 23 minutes, but frequent jumps between tools can create attention residue and make focused work feel more expensive than the clock suggests.
Context-switching cost is not about the time to physically switch tabs. It's about attention residue, the portion of your working memory still processing the previous tool's output when you start a new task. Leroy (2009) showed that this residue can persist and interfere with the next task. BrainShield treats context switches as a scoring signal because of this compounding effect.
Source: Gloria Mark, UC Irvine (CHI 2008); Leroy 2009
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